Dramatic new discoveries illuminate the lost Indus civilization

The Indus city of Dholavira in western India had impressive water infrastructure, such as this deep reservoir. The Indus people needed a way to conserve their water supply because rainy seasons were unpredictable. Each city came up with slightly different solutions to the water problem. (credit: Rama's Arrow)

The Indus civilization is one of the great mysteries of the ancient world. An urban society, it was made up of hundreds of cities and towns that stretched across what are today northern India and Pakistan. Though its inhabitants left great art and elaborate water infrastructures behind, we know almost nothing about the Indus people who lived between 3,000 and 1300 BCE. In fact, we still haven't even deciphered their written language.

But now, the results of a new long-term study of the northwestern Indus region have given us a new understanding of how this civilization functioned. We've also gotten hints about how the civilization coped with dramatic climate change from ever-changing weather patterns.

An international team with the Land, Water, and Settlement project in northwest India studied Indus settlements in that region between 2007 and 2014, looking at everything from water systems and plant remains to art and pottery. What they found has overturned conventional wisdom about who the Indus people were and how they lived. Now they've published a treasure trove of new findings about local centers in the Indus civilization in Current Anthropology.