Etat de la publication en Open Access dans les disciplines scientifiques présentes à l’Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).

Abstract in Google's English: This thesis, written under the mandate of the library of the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), reported the publication in Open Access today. It covers scientific disciplines present in the institution, particularly the Science, Technology and Medicine (STM). While this work focuses on publishing in Open Access journals ("Gold Path"), it also discusses open archiving ("green path"). The theoretical part of this paper provides an overview of the current Open Access. It determines the main modes of Open Access via an existing typology and defines the various existing models. This work is also interested in the issue of evaluation of scientific papers, existing rights in this area, and the use of statistical tools for the qualification of magazines. The importance of Open Access is demonstrated, taking into account the peculiarities specific to major scientific disciplines. The views of researchers on the issue of free access is provided, followed by a reflection on institutional funding projects. Finally, possible future development prospects are developed. The practical part of this, in turn, results of a survey conducted between February and June 2011 on the campus. It is based on a quantitative analysis of references to published scientific papers, present in Infoscience, the open archive of the institution. A measure of the importance of publishing in Open Access at the EPFL, between 2008 and 2010, has been completed. In parallel, a qualitative analysis, conducted as individual interviews, allowed to learn about the needs and expectations of some researchers on the subject. The results also provide information significantly on their practices and concerns, which vary considerably according to their habits and experiences. This thesis therefore aims to summarize these different elements and thus to determine the current issues of open access, either at EPFL or in any other institutional setting, alongside the scientific publication.