Explosion of 'inferior' online academic journals raises misinformation worries - The Mainichi

"Not a small number of Japanese researchers have also submitted papers to these low-grade journals. In 2014, the National Institute of Informatics (NII) examined whether faculty at 44 major universities in Japan including the prestigious University of Tokyo and Kyoto University had submitted papers to any of over 1,300 e-journals considered "inferior" by U.S. researchers. The NII found that in the year leading up to the study, 99 out of 865 contributions to open access e-journals by responding researchers were made to those on the "inferior" list."