Open Access Data and Deep Learning for Cardiac Device Identification on Standard DICOM and Smartphone-based Chest Radiographs | Radiology: Artificial Intelligence

To develop and evaluate a publicly available deep learning model for segmenting and classifying cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and smartphone-based chest radiograph (CXR) images.

Materials and Methods

This institutional review board-approved retrospective study included patients with implantable pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, and cardiac monitors who underwent chest radiography between January 2012 and January 2022. A U-Net model with a ResNet-50 backbone was created to classify CIEDs on DICOM and smartphone images. Using 2,321 CXRs from 897 patients (median age, 76 years (range 18–96 years); 625 male, 272 female), CIEDs were categorized into four manufacturers, 27 models, and one ‘other’ category. Five smartphones were used to acquire 11,072 images. Performance was reported using the Dice coefficient on the validation set for segmentation or balanced accuracy on the test set for manufacturer and model classification, respectively.

Results

The segmentation tool achieved a mean Dice coefficient of 0.936 (IQR: 0.890–0.958). The model had an accuracy of 94.36% (95% CI: 90.93%–96.84%; n = 251/266) for CIED manufacturer classification and 84.21% (95% CI: 79.31%–88.30%; n = 224/266) for CIED model classification.

Conclusion

The proposed deep learning model, trained on both traditional DICOM and smartphone images, showed high accuracy for segmentation and classification of CIEDs on CXRs.