Open Access policies on information. New trends and perspectives through open cultural data

Abstract:  Institutes and universities apply Open Access (OA) policies to academic texts, articles, researches and evidence, creating new conditions in academic communication and access to knowledge, developing the global intelligentsia and in parallel, contrasting the tendencies of competition and prestige between institutes. From the Budapest Open Access Initiative, in 2002, Open Access, either through self – archiving road (green OA) or through publication in open access journals (golden OA), had to deal with multiple issues such as copyright, offering gradations to open access and choices to both, the user and the creator / beneficiary, about how “open” the work will be. Consequently, open content licenses are consistent with the concept of open access. The World Wide Web has developed a remarkable bargaining power between suppliers (academics, publishers, financiers, libraries, governments and others), consumers and researchers/creators. But how open access perspectives are defined nowadays? How finding information could be achieved at the least cost? What happens if institutes do not want open access to their data (primary information field) but they wish to communicate with users and gain benefits of public display as could be noticed, in cases of museums and exhibitions? Since February 2017, the New York City Metropolitan Museum, adopting the principles of Open Access, has "liberated" thousands of works by calling them "public domain" to which everyone has the right of access. Moreover, what happens with metadata, as secondary field of open access and also, how their needs to interconnect and interoperate are secured? Can the use of open data/metadata maximize the benefits and the intended values, resolving the concerns of institutions in general? In 2016, official European guidelines on data management gave the advice: “data as open as possible, as close as necessary”. In addition, we could wonder how can someone use user-generated material and all the above, in open access philosophy. A need for qualitative organizational changes on open access strategy is emerged, in purpose to improve access to Knowledge. People and media interact and new different perspectives are revealed in such a degree as we can talk about second generation on open access which is the subject of this study. Despite of objections and problems open access to information is a strong trend and philosophy of modern times.