The Evolution of Open Access Publishing: A Longitudinal Bibliometric Perspective (2004–2024): The Serials Librarian: Vol 0, No 0

Abstract:  This study focused on longitudinal bibliometric analysis of open access (OA) publishing from 2004 to 2024, examining the evolution, impact, and emerging themes across Gold, Green, Diamond, Hybrid, Platinum, and Bronze models. Using 119 documents retrieved from the Scopus database, the research maps trends in scientific production, citation patterns, and author and country collaboration networks. Results reveal a consistent annual growth rate of 10.96%, with Gold and Hybrid OA models showing a clear citation advantage. Core journals and prolific authors are identified, highlighting the central role of key contributors. The study also underscores disparities in international collaborations and the sustainability challenges facing diverse OA models. Emerging themes include equitable access, article processing charges, and Diamond OA. Findings reveal disparities in international collaborations and sustainability challenges across diverse OA models, with Gold and Hybrid OA showing a clear citation advantage. While this study provides a targeted snapshot based on a title-restricted Scopus dataset, it highlights critical themes such as equity, author productivity, and the role of bibliometric laws in understanding OA publishing. Looking ahead, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, stronger links with preprint platforms, and the development of innovative, sustainable funding frameworks will shape the next phase of OA publishing. These insights emphasise the need for inclusive and forward-looking policies to ensure that open access continues to expand as a cornerstone of global knowledge dissemination.