An exercise in number theory

Peter Cameron's Blog 2023-02-17

Here is a cute little problem which I can’t solve. I thought I needed the answer but it turned out that I didn’t, so as far as I know there is no application.

Let n = p1a1psas, where the pi are distinct primes and ai positive integers. The general question asks whether φ(n) is always at least as big as the multinomial coefficient (a1+…+as)!/(a1)!…(as). This is true if s = 1 or 2, false if s = 4 (or larger) – the smallest example I know is 27.35.53.72 = 190512000.

Problem: Is it true for s = 3? I am inclined to guess that it is, but it is quite delicate and I didn’t find a proof. (I have stopped looking now I don’t actually need this any more.)