The relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and all-cause mortality in ill critically patients with heart failure: a retrospective study in MIMIC-IV database

CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill HF patients, extremely low HGI levels correlate with poorer short- and long-term survival. These findings suggest that HGI could serve as an adjunct risk stratification tool, prompting closer monitoring and potential intervention in patients with markedly low HGI.