Reduced composite dietary antioxidant index increases the risk of Parkinson's disease and all-cause mortality in Parkinson's disease patients: evidence from the NHANES database

Front Aging Neurosci. 2025 Apr 17;17:1510654. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1510654. eCollection 2025.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as to explore its relationship with all-cause mortality risk in PD patients.

METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database spanning from 2007 to 2018 were used, including 119,609 participants. After excluding individuals aged <18 years, those with incomplete follow-up data, and those missing critical variables such as CDAI and covariates, the final cohort consisted of 34,133 participants. Participants were categorized into a PD group (510 individuals) and a non-PD group (33,623 individuals). The CDAI values were calculated, and participants were divided into three groups based on the tertile distribution of their CDAI scores: Q1 (CDAI < -1.07), Q2 (-1.07 to 1.74), and Q3 (CDAI >1.74). Weighted logistic regression and weighted Cox regression analyses were employed to evaluate the associations between CDAI and the prevalence of PD, as well as between CDAI and all-cause mortality risk. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis was used to further elucidate the precise relationship between CDAI and outcome events.

RESULTS: CDAI values were significantly lower in the PD group compared to the non-PD group. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbid conditions (hypertension and diabetes), blood lipid and glucose levels, a reduction in CDAI was associated with an increased risk of PD (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.72, p = 0.035). In patients with PD, a decrease in CDAI was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (Q3 vs. Q1, HR = 0.53, p = 0.018). This association was particularly pronounced in those over 60 years old, smokers, and those with hypertension. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis identified CDAI <0.471 as a risk factor for PD, and CDAI <0.527 as a risk factor for all-cause mortality in PD patients.

CONCLUSION: CDAI reduction is an independent risk factor for both PD risk in the general population and all-cause mortality in PD patients, with amplified predictive power in older adults, smokers, and hypertensive individuals. Our findings support developing personalized antioxidant-enhancing nutritional interventions for both high-risk populations with suboptimal CDAI and established PD patients.

PMID:40330594 | PMC:PMC12053489 | DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1510654