A Clinically Practical Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Elderly Patients ( 65 Years) With Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Study Based on SEER Database and External Validation

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the SEER database and Chinese data, we developed a reliable nomogram forecasting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS for older patients with UCB. The nomogram can identified high-risk and low-risk patients, aiding clinicians in personalised treatment and prognostic evaluations. This allows high-risk patients to receive intensive treatment or close follow-up, while low-risk patients can avoid overtreatment.