Retraction and correction of scientific articles due to conflicts of interest: a cross-sectional analysis of the retraction watch database

CONCLUSIONS: Editorial actions explicitly linked to CoI remain relatively uncommon compared with the broader volume of retractions and corrections, and CoI are rarely cited in isolation. The frequent co‑occurrence of CoI with other forms of misconduct or procedural problems suggests that undisclosed or poorly managed CoI often signal deeper weaknesses in disclosure practices, editorial oversight, and research governance rather than isolated administrative lapses. Strengthening CoI policies,...