Should I Use My State’s Digital Driver’s License?

A digital mobile driver’s license (often called an mDL) is a version of your ID that you keep on your phone instead of in your pocket. In theory, it would work wherever your regular ID works—TSA, liquor stores, to pick up a prescription, or to get into a bar. This sounds simple enough, and might even be appealing—especially if you’ve ever forgotten or lost your wallet. But there are a few questions you should ask yourself before tossing your wallet into the sea and wandering the earth with just your phone in hand.

In the United States, some proponents of digital IDs promise a future where you can present your phone to a clerk or bouncer and only reveal the information they need—your age—without revealing anything else. They imagine everyone whipping through TSA checkpoints with ease and enjoying simplified applications for government benefits. They also see it as a way to verify identity on the internet, a system that likely censors everyone.

There are real privacy and security trade-offs with digital IDs, and it’s not clear if the benefits are big enough—or exist at all—to justify them.

But if you are curious about this technology, there are still a few things you should know and some questions to consider.

Questions to Ask Yourself

Can I even use a Digital ID anywhere? 

The idea of being able to verify your age by just tapping your phone against an electronic reader—like you may already do to pay for items—may sound appealing. It might make checking out a little faster. Maybe you won’t have to worry about the bouncer at your favorite bar creepily wishing you “happy birthday,” or noting that they live in the same building as you.

Most of these use cases aren’t available yet in the United States. While there are efforts to enable private businesses to read mDLs, these credentials today are mainly being used at TSA checkpoints.

For example, in California, only a small handful of convenience stores in Sacramento and Los Angeles currently accept digital IDs for purchasing age-restricted items like alcohol and tobacco. TSA lists airports that support mobile driver’s licenses, but it only works for TSA PreCheck and only for licenses issued in eleven states.

Also, “selective disclosure,” like revealing just your age and nothing else, isn’t always fully baked. When we looked at California’s mobile ID app, this feature wasn’t available in the mobile ID itself, but rather, it was part of the TruAge addon. Even if the promise of this technology is appealing to you, you might not really be able to use it.

Is there a law in my state about controlling how police officers handle digital IDs?

One of our biggest concerns with digital IDs is that people will unlock their phones and hand them over to police officers in order to show an ID. Ordinarily, police need a warrant to search the content of our phones, because they contain what the Supreme Court has properly called “the privacies of life.”

There are some potential technological protections. You can technically get your digital ID read or scanned in the Wallet app on your phone, without unlocking the device completely. Police could also have a special reader like at some retail stores.

But it’s all too easy to imagine a situation where police coerce or trick someone into unlocking their phone completely, or where a person does not even know that they just need to tap their phone instead of unlocking it. Even seasoned Wallet users screw up payment now and again, and doing so under pressure amplifies that risk. Handing your phone over to law enforcement, either to show a QR code or to hold it up to a reader, is also risky since a notification may pop up that the officer could interpret as probable cause for a search.

Currently, there are few guardrails for how law enforcement interacts with mobile IDs. Illinois recently passed